Uyini Umehluko Phakathi Kwe-Phototransistor ne-Optocoupler? Ukuqhathanisa Okuningiliziwe

Emkhakheni wama-electronics, ama-phototransistors kanye ama-optocouplers ayingxenye ebalulekile esetshenziselwa ukuthola nokuhlukanisa amasignali. Nakuba zingase zibonakale zifana ngenxa yokusebenzisa kwazo ukukhanya ukuze zisebenze, zinezinjongo ezihlukile futhi zisebenza ngendlela ehlukile. Ukuqonda umehluko phakathi kwalezi zingxenye ezimbili kubalulekile konjiniyela kanye nama-hobbyists ngokufanayo.

 

Ama-Phototransistors:

 

I-phototransistor iyidivayisi ye-semiconductor esebenzisa ukukhanya ukulawula ukusebenza kwayo. Empeleni iyi-transistor ezwela ukukhanya. Uma ukukhanya kuwela ku-phototransistor, kukhiqiza isisekelo samanje, kuyenze ivuleke futhi ivumele okwamanje ukuthi kugeleze kusuka kumqoqi kuya ku-emitter.

 

- Isimiso Sokusebenza:

 

Ama-Phototransistors asebenza ngokusebenzisa indawo eyisisekelo ezwela ukukhanya. Lapho ama-photon eshaya lesi sifunda, akhiqiza amapheya e-electron-hole, akhulisa isisekelo samanje futhi avule i-transistor. Le nqubo ikhulisa isignali kagesi, okwenza ama-phototransistors azwele kakhulu ekukhanyeni.

 

- Izicelo:

 

Ama-phototransistors asetshenziswa kuzinhlelo zokusebenza ezihlukene lapho kudingeka khona ukutholwa kokukhanya, njengamamitha okukhanya, ama-optical switch, nama-relay asebenze ukukhanya. Ziphinde zisetshenziswe kumasistimu okuvikela, amasistimu okubala, nezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza zokuzwa lapho ukukalwa kokukhanya kubalulekile.

 

- Izinzuzo:

 

Ama-Phototransistors anikeza ukuzwela okuphezulu kanye nenzuzo uma kuqhathaniswa nama-photodiode. Bayakwazi ukubona amazinga aphansi okukhanya futhi banikeze umthamo omkhulu wamanje, okubenza bafanelekele ukukhulisa amasignali okukhanya abuthakathaka.

 

Optocouplers:

 

I-optocoupler, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-opto-isolator, iyidivayisi edlulisela amasignali kagesi phakathi kwamasekhethi amabili angawodwa ngokusebenzisa ukukhanya. Ngokuvamile iqukethe i-LED kanye nesithwebuli sezithombe (okungaba i-phototransistor, i-photodiode, noma i-phototriac) evalwe ephaketheni elilodwa.

 

- Isimiso Sokusebenza:

 

I-LED ngaphakathi kwe-optocoupler ikhipha ukukhanya uma kusetshenziswa isignali kagesi. Lokhu kukhanya kudlula igebe elincane ngaphakathi kwedivayisi futhi kutholwa isithwebuli sezithombe ngakolunye uhlangothi. I-photodetector ibe isiguqula ukukhanya kubuyisele isignali kagesi, ihlukanise ngempumelelo okokufaka kokuphumayo.

 

- Izicelo:

 

Ama-Optocoupler asetshenziswa kakhulu ezinhlelweni ezidinga ukuhlukaniswa kukagesi phakathi kwezingxenye ezihlukene zesistimu. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukulawulwa kokunikezwa kwamandla, okokufaka kwe-microprocessor okokufaka/okuphumayo, kanye nokuxhumanisa phakathi kwamasekhethi anamandla kagesi aphezulu kanye ne-low-voltage. Zibalulekile ekuvikeleni izingxenye ezizwelayo kuma-voltage aphezulu nomsindo.

 

- Izinzuzo:

 

Inzuzo eyinhloko yama-optocoupler yikhono lawo lokuhlinzeka ngokuhlukaniswa ngogesi ngenkathi idlulisela amasignali. Lokhu kuhlukaniswa kuvikela amasekhethi okulawula i-voltage ephansi kusuka ku-high-voltage spikes nomsindo, okuqinisekisa ukuphepha nokuthembeka kwesistimu yonke. Ama-Optocoupler nawo asiza ekuvimbeleni amaluphu aphansi kanye nokunciphisa ukuphazamiseka ekudluliselweni kwesignali.

 

Umehluko Obalulekile:

 

1. Umsebenzi:

 

- I-Phototransistor: Isetshenziselwa ngokuyinhloko ukuthola ukukhanya nokukhulisa isignali.

 

- I-Optocoupler: Isetshenziselwa ukuhlukanisa amasignali kagesi phakathi kwamasekhethi amabili ahlukene.

 

2. Izingxenye:

 

- I-Phototransistor: Iqukethe i-transistor ezwela ukukhanya.

 

- I-Optocouupler: Iqukethe i-LED nesithwebuli sezithombe (njenge-phototransistor) kuphakheji eyodwa.

 

3. Izicelo:

 

- I-Phototransistor: Ifanele ukuzwa nokubona amaleveli okukhanya.

 

- I-Optocouupler: Ilungele ukuhlukanisa nokudlulisa amasignali phakathi kwamasekhethi angawodwa.

 

4. Ukuhlukaniswa:

 

- I-Phototransistor: Ayinikezi ukuhlukaniswa ngogesi.

 

- I-Optocoupler: Ihlinzeka ngokuhlukaniswa kukagesi, ivikela amasekhethi kuma-voltage aphezulu nomsindo.

 

Kafushane, kuyilapho kokubili ama-phototransistors nama-optocoupler esebenzisa ukukhanya ekusebenzeni kwawo, asebenzela izinjongo ezihlukile kumasistimu kagesi. Ama-Phototransistors angcono kakhulu ekutholeni ukukhanya nokukhulisa isignali, okuwenza alungele izinhlelo zokusebenza zokuzwa. Ama-Optocouplers, ngakolunye uhlangothi, abalulekile ekuhlukaniseni nasekudluliseleni amasignali phakathi kwezingxenye ezahlukene zesekethe, ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha nokuthembeka kumiklamo ye-elekthronikhi. Ukuqonda lo mehluko kuvumela ukukhetha okungcono kwezingxenye kanye nomklamo osebenza kahle wesekethe ye-elekthronikhi.